Sign=signifier+signified
The relation between then is arbitory. The semiotic chain of meaning links: feeling, thoughts and emotions. To trace from sigh back to signifier+signified.
The noise source affects the channel, it change the communication and starts a new communication. The redundancy indicates the high predictability plus low information, which is universally agreed, shared meanings.Oppositely, entropy means low predictability and high information, which is unconventional.
A paradigms is a set of signs from which one is chosen.
Codes are signifying systems.